Everything about Gilles De Roberval totally explained
Gilles Personne de Roberval (
August 10,
1602 -
October 27 1675),
French mathematician, was born at Roberval, near
Beauvais, France. His name was originally
Gilles Personne or
Gilles Personier, that of Roberval, by which he's known, being taken from the place of his birth.
Like
René Descartes, he was present at the siege of
La Rochelle in 1627 . In the same year he went to
Paris, where he was appointed to the chair of philosophy at
Gervais College in
1631, and two years later to the chair of mathematics at the
Royal College of France. A condition of tenure attached to this chair was that the holder should propose mathematical questions for solution, and should resign in favour of any person who solved them better than himself; but, notwithstanding this, Roberval was able to keep the chair till his death.
Roberval was one of those mathematicians who, just before the invention of the
infinitesimal calculus, occupied their attention with problems which are only soluble, or can be most easily solved, by some method involving
limits or
infinitesimals, which would today be solved by calculus. He worked on the
quadrature of surfaces and the
cubature of solids, which he accomplished, in some of the simpler cases, by an original method which he called the "Method of Indivisibles"; but he lost much of the credit of the discovery as he kept his method for his own use, while
Bonaventura Cavalieri published a similar method which he independently invented.
Another of Roberval’s discoveries was a very general method of drawing
tangents, by considering a
curve as described by a moving point whose motion is the resultant of several simpler motions. He also discovered a method of deriving one curve from another, by means of which finite areas can be obtained equal to the areas between certain curves and their
asymptotes.
To these curves, which were also applied to effect some quadratures,
Evangelista Torricelli gave the name "Robervallian lines."
Between Roberval and
Rene Descartes there existed a feeling of ill-will, owing to the jealousy aroused in the mind of the former by the criticism that Descartes offered to some of the methods employed by him and by
Pierre de Fermat; and this led him to criticize and oppose the analytical methods that Descartes introduced into geometry about this time.
As results of Roberval’s labours outside of pure mathematics may be noted a work on the system of the universe, in which he supports the
Copernican heliocentric system and attributes a mutual attraction to all particles of matter and also the invention of a special kind of
balance, the
Roberval Balance.
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